What is a separation?

A legal separation is not a divorce, but is often a precurser.  Separation occurs when a married couple no longer lives together, and operates in accordance to a judicially recognized mutual agreement or under the terms of a judicial decree.  It is important to remember that the couple must petition the court to recognize their separation in order for it to be a legal separation.

Legal Separation Compared with Divorce

A legal separation and divorce have many things in common, however, a legal separation has some advantages to a divorce. For example, a legal separation gives the married couple time apart to decide if they really want to file for divorce. In addition, there are financial benefits that depend on the length of a marriage, such as certain pension and social security benefits that are only available if the marriage lasted for 10 years or more. Also, divorce may put an end to a spouse’s eligibility for medical benefits under the other spouse’s plan whereas a separation would extend those benefits.

Legal Separation Agreements

A separation agreement is a document that sets forth provisions concerning child custody and visitation, child support, spousal maintenance, and property division. In a legal separation, the court may incorporate the terms of the separation agreement into a formal court order that outlines the parties’ rights and responsibilities. If the married couple subsequently decides to file for divorce, the legal separation agreement can form the basis of the divorce in a procedure known as a conversion divorce.

In general, the terms of the separation agreement survive and govern the parties through the divorce decree unless the decree specifically states that they do not. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the legal separation agreement addresses all of the rights and responsibilities between the parties.  Spousal support, child custody, and child support provisions of a separation agreement are never binding on a court if the couple decides to finalize a divorce, although they may be considered.

What To Do Before a Legal Separation

There are important issues that must be decided before a married couple separates. As part of any separation agreement, joint credit cards and other financial obligations must be split, and joint bank accounts should be closed with the funds divided accordingly.  In addition, each party should have a copy of all important legal and financial records, such as income tax returns. Finally, it is advisable for the party who is moving out to take their personal property with them, or make sure the separation agreement specifically lists the property, so that there is no confusion or disagreement if the parties subsequently file for divorce.  If the parties are unable to agree on the financial details of a legal separation, the accounts may be frozen until a judge decides how to divide assets and property.

How To Get a Legal Separation

Although state laws may vary, to obtain a legal separation, the married couple must meet the state’s residency requirements just as they need to do if they are filing for divorce.  Assuming the residency requirements are met, the next step is to file a legal separation petition with the appropriate court along with the legal separation agreement that addresses all of the rights and responsibilities of the parties.  If one of the spouses is not in agreement with the terms of the legal separation agreement, the spouse who is in disagreement must be served with the legal separation papers, and a judge will determine the terms of the separation.

Case Studies: Exploring Legal Separation and Its Implications

Case Study 1: The Importance of Legal Separation

Sarah and John have been experiencing difficulties in their marriage and decide to separate legally. They consult a family lawyer to understand the process and benefits of legal separation.

Through a mutual agreement approved by the court, Sarah and John gain time apart to reassess their relationship and consider the possibility of divorce. This highlights the advantages of legal separation over an immediate divorce and the financial benefits it can provide, such as certain pension and social security benefits.

Case Study 2: Understanding Separation Agreements

Emily and David have mutually agreed to separate and wish to establish clear terms regarding child custody, spousal maintenance, and property division. They consult a family lawyer who assists them in creating a separation agreement.

The couple learns that a separation agreement can be incorporated into a formal court order, outlining their rights and responsibilities. This emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive separation agreement and its potential role in a future divorce proceeding.

Case Study 3: Preparing for a Legal Separation

Mark and Lisa have made the difficult decision to legally separate. Before initiating the process, they consult with a family lawyer to understand the necessary preparations. They learn that joint financial obligations, such as credit cards and bank accounts, must be properly divided.

Mark and Lisa also gather all important legal and financial records to ensure transparency during the separation. This underscores the significance of proper preparation before entering into a legal separation.

Case Study 4: The Process of Obtaining a Legal Separation

Michael and Samantha navigate the process of obtaining a legal separation. They consult with a family lawyer to understand the residency requirements and the necessary steps for filing a legal separation petition.

Although they reach an agreement on most aspects, Samantha disagrees with certain terms of the separation agreement. This case study sheds light on the role of the court in determining the terms of a legal separation when there is a disagreement between the spouses.