What are exigent circumstances?

Exigent circumstances exist when the need of a police officer to enter or search a home overrides the Constitutional right to be free from a warrantless search. Police typically can’t just enter without a warrant or an invitation; the exceptions to this rule are called exigent circumstances.

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Can the police conduct an automobile search at a traffic stop or sobriety checkpoint?

A valid automobile search should be founded on several factors, including a basis for the traffic stop, a basis for continuing a detention beyond the traffic stop, and finally, probable cause for the officer to search the vehicle. If a driver pulls up to a valid DUI checkpoint or sobriety checkpoint, then a valid basis for the traffic stop exists. To justify an automobile search, an officer must demonstrate reasonable suspicion, probable cause, or an exception to either of those components.

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What if a search warrant contains an error or incorrect address?

A search warrant is a document signed by a judge that gives the police the authority to enter your home and search through your belongings. A valid search warrant must provide a detailed description of the location to be searched. Several years ago, many law enforcement agencies complied with this requirement by simply listing the general address of the house they intended to search. This descriptive approach faced obstacles when search warrant documents contained incorrect address information. As a result, law enforcement began using a longer list of descriptors to identify the location to be searched.

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A License to Search: Requirements of a Valid Search Warrant

The Constitution protects all Americans from unreasonable search and seizure of property by law enforcement. To make this principle a reality, every state has established general rules setting out how search warrant documents and supporting affidavits for warrants are to be written. Even though the specifics vary slightly by state, the basic requirements of a valid warrant and supporting affidavit are usually the same.

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