School District Liability for Injuries to Children

If your child is injured at school or during a school activity, you may be able to recover financial damages from the school district to pay for your child’s medical bills and other costs.

Before you take any action after a child’s injury at school, take note that pursuing a lawsuit against a school can be complicated and require careful attention to legal deadlines and procedures.  Speak with an experienced personal injury attorney to see if the school is liable for your child’s injuries.

Before Filing a Lawsuit Against a School

Before filing a lawsuit for negligence against the school, your child should complete medical treatment for his or her injuries. When treatment is completed and your child is released by the doctor, obtain the medical bills and medical reports.

Your child’s claim should include medical bills and compensation for pain and suffering. The medical reports will document the nature and extent of your child’s injuries and determine the amount of compensation for pain and suffering.

Compensation for pain and suffering is an amount beyond the medical bills. Since your child is a minor, you will need to be appointed guardian ad litem to sue on behalf of your child.

School District Immunity

Every state has established rules regarding when and how government entities like schools can be sued. When a state adopts rules that essentially prohibit lawsuits against governmental entities, they establish what is called “governmental immunity.”

Government immunity does not necessarily mean you can’t take legal action, however, it means that you can only do so under certain exceptions that are defined by state law.

Depending on how your child was injured, you may be able to show that an exception applies to your situation.  If you fit an exception, then you should be able to proceed with a negligence claim against the school district for the injuries to your child. You may also be able to pursue criminal charges against the school employee for reckless or intentional injuries to your child.

Before you sue a school district, contact an attorney who specializes in personal injury or government law to see if your state’s governmental immunity laws apply to school districts. If the governmental immunity statutes do apply to school districts, you will then want to explore your state’s exceptions.

NOTE: Governmental immunity generally applies to public school districts. If your child attends a private school, even more options may be available to resolve your claim. Options can include a suit for negligence or simply filing a claim on the school’s insurance policy.

School District Liability Issues

As with any personal injury lawsuit, if you are suing a school for injuries to your child, then you will need to prove negligence by showing the school owed a duty of care to your child, that it breached the duty of care, and that this breach was the actual and proximate cause of your child’s injuries. The courts will look to several factors to determine if you have met your burden of proof.

Two main factors to consider include the cause of the injury or how the injury occurred. Was the injury caused by inadequate supervision of your child by school employees? If teachers were negligent in the supervision of your child, then the school could be liable for the negligence of the teacher’s actions during the course and scope of their employment.

If a teacher was doing something outside the course and scope of their employment, the school may be able to claim that it was not liable.

Next, your focus should be on the nature of the injury and whether or not it was foreseeable, and therefore something a reasonable school should have prevented.

Examples of potential, foreseeable incidents include:

• A child injured after falling from playground equipment;
• A child injured due to bullying at school or negligent acts by fellow students;
• A child injured due to unsanitary conditions;
• A child injured after bumping or tripping over an object.

These are only a few potential examples of foreseeable harm that a reasonable school could have taken precautions to prevent. There are numerous other potential causes of your child’s injury at a school. The facts of your particular case and your child’s injury will determine whether or not the school was negligent by failing to exercise due care.

Note:  If your child is injured due to bullying at school or negligence from a fellow student, the parents of the responsible child may also be responsible depending on how serious the incident was.  In those cases, you may be able to pursue the school for negligent supervision and potentially the responsible child’s parents for the actions against your child.

Once you establish a duty of due care and a breach of that duty of due care on the part of the school, you need to prove causation. Causation requires the court to ask, “But for the school not taking precautions, would your child have been injured?” If the answer is no, then you have established the negligence of the school was the actual cause of your child’s injuries. You then need to establish that the school was also the proximate cause of your child’s injuries.

Proximate cause asks whether there were there any intervening events that were unforeseeable that contributed to your child’s injury? If the answer is yes, the school is not negligent. If the answer is no, the school is negligent. If you can prove all of these elements, you can establish that the school is negligent and, therefore, liable for your child’s injuries.

School District Lawsuit Settlements

Prior to filing a lawsuit, present your claim to the insurance carrier for the school. Before you sign a settlement agreement prepared by an insurance company, you may want to have an attorney who specializes in personal injury law review the proposal to make sure that you do not accidentally waive any of your child’s rights or remedies. If you are dissatisfied with settlement offers from the insurance carrier, then proceed to file a lawsuit for negligence against the school.

If the case is settled with the insurance company for the school, no lawsuit will be filed. If the case is not settled, you must file the lawsuit prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations or you will lose your rights forever in the matter. Contact a personal injury attorney in your state to learn what the deadlines are for your child’s situation.

Case Studies: School District Liability for Injuries to Children

Case Study 1: Playground Equipment Injury

Sarah, a 10-year-old student, sustains a serious arm fracture while playing on the school’s playground equipment. The equipment was old and poorly maintained, with a loose railing that caused Sarah to fall. Her parents consult with a personal injury attorney specializing in school district liability to explore their legal options. The attorney helps them build a case by gathering evidence to demonstrate the school’s negligence in maintaining safe playground equipment, leading to Sarah’s injury.

Case Study 2: Bullying-Related Injury

Michael, a 12-year-old student, endures repeated physical assaults from a fellow student at school. Despite several complaints, the school fails to take appropriate action to prevent further harm. Michael’s parents seek legal counsel from a personal injury attorney experienced in school district liability. The attorney assists them in filing a lawsuit against the school district for negligent supervision, citing the school’s failure to protect their child from harm and provide a safe learning environment.

Case Study 3: Sports Activity Accident

Emma, a 14-year-old student athlete, suffers a severe knee injury during a school-sanctioned sports activity. The injury occurs due to the lack of proper safety equipment and inadequate supervision by the coaching staff. Emma’s parents consult with a personal injury attorney who specializes in school district liability cases. The attorney guides them through the process of filing a lawsuit against the school district, arguing that the school’s negligence in ensuring a safe sports environment led to their daughter’s preventable injury.